Master Feiyu scolded his pupil, Qiang, for consulting the I Ching by tossing coins instead of using the meditative yarrow stalks.
Mortified, Qiang, who’d been deriving great benefit from the oracle, set about manipulating the sticks. He asked if he’d been wrong in using coins. He got Hexagram 7, The Army. Not understanding the answer, he abandoned the divination.
Later he asked again, but tossed his coins instead. Again he got Hexagram 7, which he still didn’t understand. What Qiang did understand was that there was nothing wrong in his choice of method, but plenty in his choice of master.
No matter what kind of divination we practice: if it’s worth its salt and is not just some feelgood angel therapy oracle, it has the potential to deliver bad news. How we handle bad news is a mark of how helpful we are capable of being as diviners.
People can come to us for a variety of reason. They may need reassurance, hope, advice or just a quick look ahead. They may even come to us for fun or curiosity, and as long as they are not disrespectful, there is nothing wrong in indulging them.
The principle of respect for our querent stems from seeing them as a whole person rather than a sack of meat endowed with more than its fair share of doubts. We, as diviners and as handlers of odd devices (decks, charts, counters of various kinds) hold a degree of power over them. It is symbolic power, for sure, but reality itself is symbolic (that’s how magic works), therefore symbolic power is real power, and must not be misused.
Finding the right balance between informing the querent and respecting them can be difficult. It’s all well and good as long as the cards talk about pleasant trips and job interviews. But occasionally we recognize messages that we know are going to deeply upset our querent.
Causing unnecessary anguish is a no-no, and there are things that cannot be said without causing unnecessary anguish (“You’ll die soon”, “You’ll lose the baby). Even less serious topics (at least, less serious than death), such as marital infidelity must be treated with caution. We cannot just destroy whole families willy-nilly simply because our cards seem to hint at untoward dealings.
We must also distinguish whether a querent directly asks for something or something unpleasant simply shows up in the cards. Usually, if the querent asks for something, we can be more forthcoming, if we can speak with tact. If they ask “Will I get the job?”, they need to be able to accept “I’m not infallible, but it seems they appear more inclined to go with someone else.”
If they ask “Is my spouse faithful?” and the cards show clear signs of interference, an answer like “Remember that I could be wrong, but there does seem to be someone who’s trying whisk them away from you. Maybe it’s time to have an honest talk and try to solve the issue.”
Incredibly enough, even some taboo topics may occasionally be addressed in this guise. For instance, there are plenty of non-morbid reasons querents might want to know about death: “Do you think my elderly father going to survive long? I want to be able to visit him one last time but the situation at home is just crazy.”
While we must not delude the querent, we have no right to rob them of all hope. Aside from the mantra “Remember I’m a fallible human being”, and even aside from potential advice we might sometime give the querent to soften the blows of bad luck, there are occasionally ways of preparing the querent for a difficult situation without hurting them.
“Is the pregnancy going to go alright?” This is a question I am become more and more skeptical of answering as time goes by, because there is no way of saying anything other than “yes” and still be able to look at myself in the mirror. If we do find ourselves somehow coerced into answering it and the cards are less than positive, the only thing we may say is something to the effect of “Yes, but remember to take it easy, and the cards are saying you should pay extra attention to the doctor’s orders.”
Where all else fails, human empathy is our last line of defense. Helping the querent even for just some minutes by sharing their burden is part of what we may have to sign up for when we choose the path of divination.
I’ve already written a couple of articles on unanswerable questions. Some of them are unanswerable for logical reasons, others because they ask about something on which no objective standard of measurement exists. Some are also unanswerable for ethical reasons (“Tell me when is the best time to rob the bank.”)
But occasionally someone comes along who asks a question that we instinctively feel is unanswerable, yet we can’t put our finger on why. It’s happened a couple of times to me that someone would ask me something to the effect of “Will I ever be happy?“
Obviously no one whose life is coming up roses would seek out a diviner of all people to ask such a question. These queries are put to the cards or the skies in a moment of weakness. My experience in these situations is that the cards behave in one of three ways. They:
Show the cause of the person’s unhappiness rather objectively, and whether the problem is likely to be overcome over the next few months (usually not)
Are generically very negative, without a specific sense to them
Are generically very positive, without a specific sense to them
In the first instance, the cards usually show the problem not getting resolved, not necessarily because it never will be, but because the person is still knee-deep in it. The fact that they chose to frame their question in such tragic terms tells us that, whatever the nature of their problem, it goes beyond its specific objective nature and it has wounded the person in their soul.
Extreme care is advised in dealing with people in such a state of difficulty. They come to us broken and they should, at the very least, not leave even more broken. Furthermore, it is not unlikely that they have started consulting many diviners, obsessively asking the same question in hopes of getting a magical solution to their issue dropped in their lap. It would be good to advise them to stay away from divination for a while, unless we are capable of pointing out a solution they haven’t thought about, which unfortunately is rare.
When the cards are generically positive or generically negative, they are merely reflecting the person’s state of confusion: the bleakness of their outlook or the irrational hope for unexpected redemption. I don’t think there is much that we can do in such situations, except telling them that their upset shows in the cards and that, life being a succession of phases, even this one will pass. Sometimes, in such situations, talking to them in our quality of human beings is better than talking to them in our quality of diviners. In extreme cases, having a hotline number handy may be helpful.
Really there isn’t much sense in asking this question except to torture ourselves. We as diviners should know this when asking our own questions, but many people don’t, so it’s best to be prepared.
Not every question is fit for divination, and as diviners who get approached by people, discernment and, if necessary, gate-keeping is among our rights and duties. I say this not because I want to feel part of a superior caste of priests, but because our practice should be informed by two great principles: the well-being of our querents and the honor of our art.
It is perfectly fine to ask questions out of mere curiosity or for fun, but the ultimate decision on whether a question shall be put to the cards rests with us. I, for one, have dodged more questions about controversial politicians in the last couple of weeks than in the last couple of years altogether, largely because the question, when boiled down to its essential meaning, was “Is it true this politician I hate is a spawn of Satan?”
Such questions are unanswerable not merely because they are idle, but because they are ultimately unverifiable: unless you are that politician’s cleaning lady you have few ways of verifying my answer. Furthermore, consider this: if my answer is anything except “yes, you’re absolutely justified in your hatred,” the person is going to be inclined to dismiss my answer as superstitious nonsense. Why, then, whould a positive answer be of any value?
But unanswerable questions are not just those that belong to the “is it true that my particular preferences are absolutely valid and I don’t ever need to question them?” category. Some are more tragic. Recently I got asked something heart-breaking: “Is my life still worth living?”
No matter how we slice it, THIS is an unanswerable question, which doesn’t make it a meaningless string of sounds. On the contrary, it is a clearly formulated cry for help. As someone who has been struggling with depression since my teen years and has gone dangerously close to the edge on more than one occasion, I resonate strongly with it. But the fact remains that divination is not the tool to solve this issue.
I refused to open the cards on this question, obviously, but suppose I had, and suppose that, predictably, the cards had shown me the absolute mess that is this person’s life: does this make their life less worth living?
There is no answer. In this case, not because we cannot verify the details (I could easily point at the cards and say “your career is in shambles and your family life is a museum of red flags”) but because the reality of the situation has no bearing on the answer. Worth is subjective. The exact same set of circumstances that might drive someone to walk into a lake with stones in their pockets would be taken by someone else as life throwing a little challenge their way.
Therefore, in this case the question would translate as “What is your personal opinion on what makes life worth living and do you think I still meet those criteria?” I don’t think anyone would be foolish enough to even consider taking such a responsibility for themselves.1 It is much wiser to talk to the person, encourage them to open up and direct them to an appropriate source of (medical) help.
Again, though, the fact that the question cannot be answered does not imply that there isn’t a deep, real, visceral experience behind it. It is just that divination is not the way to go. It is like asking a pair of scales to measure whether you are pretty.
MQS
Furthermore, people in a seriously distressed state are especially prone to esoteric influences, and would to better to avoid them, even if it’s just a simple card reading ↩︎
A couple of weeks ago I received a message about the question of whether we, as readers, risk causing self-fulfilling prophecies with our predictions. For instance, if I tell a querent that the relationship she is in is going to end, I may end up causing the break-up. What follows is a slight elaboration on my response.
First off, we need to recognize that some things we can change or at least improve, others we can’t and they will happen regardless of what we do and what a reader tells us. Most people who go about their life with their brain switched on can recognize this. It is only when we get into delulu territory and body-mind-spirit-section pseudomysticism that we encounter people who deny the existence of unavoidable happenings.
On the other hand, sheer fatalism is also a gross misunderstanding. Consider simply this fact: if two people X and Y are exactly the same and go exactly through the same life experience, except that X also uses divination or consults a diviner, this is enough to tell them apart.
The fact that X knows about what is going to happen in advance is enough to make him a different individual, which in turn is enough to change the nature of his fate, because our ability to change a situation is contingent on our knowledge of what the situation truly is. Even if X cannot change a certain fact in any meaningful way, but knows about it enough in advance that he can make his peace with it, the same event Z won’t be the same if X’s attitude toward it changes, because X is part of the event that takes place in his life, and so if X change, the event changes. Even if X cannot bring himself to accept Z, his knowledge of Z is enough to change Z, because X with knowledge of Z is not equal to X without knowledge of Z.
Fate patterns are a difficult topic to tackle without a previous sound philosophical and occult discussion, and I plan on starting that discussion at some point, once I’ve organized my notes. For now, it suffices to say that we, as readers, can play a rather important role in the querent’s life if we are consulted at the right moment.
Yet, this doesn’t mean that we are capable of empowering querents to always turn their life around, and I don’t even think empowering is our mission: our mission is to provide information. On a number of occasions, especially when I was less experienced, I gave querents the wrong prediction on purpose because I didn’t want to disappoint them, even though the cards were clearly negative: Yes, you’ll get the job, yes the relationship is going to last and be wonderful. But it didn’t happen.
On some of those occasions you may even think that because I didn’t bring up the negative aspects, the querent wasn’t prepared to tackle them, so my not bringing them up may have been just as bad as another diviner handing out negative predictions willy-nilly. That’s because I wasn’t able to give accurate information.
It is nice that some things can be changed even if some things can’t, but unfortunately we don’t always know which is which. Therefore, we must also recognize that we have a degree of power over our querent just by virtue of using odd, mysterious counters to give our predictions, and we must not abuse this power.
Whenever possible, we should either frame our predictions as potentials and/or accompany them with positive suggestions. These suggestions, though, must ALWAYS be based on what the oracle describes, never on vague self-help platitudes. Sometimes (many times) it is best to highlight critical points so that the querent can become conscious of them (e.g., “you know, this relationship is headed down a pumpy road. You should address x, y and z if you want to try to make it work”) while avoiding drastic predictions unless necessary.
Furthermore, we must never frame our predictions in such way as to take away all hope. It is not our right to do so. Deluding and disillusioning are the two capital sins that we must avoid, even though striking the right balance is sometimes hard. There is plenty of space between being a pushover to our querent’s wishes and being an insufferable sassy tough-love prick.
If there are positive aspects to a situation, we should emphasize those and try to put them at the center of the querent’s life so that they can address the negative points more positively.
Finally, we ought to always remind our querent that diviners are people and are therefore fallible. In a world where doctors, lawyers, judges, scientists and bakers can get things wrong it would be absurd to expect diviners to always be right. Always encourage the querent to take your predictions as an additional input.
I had a conversation with a reader of this website, and he told me that the main obstacle in learning how to read the cards is that he can’t put the meanings of the cards together to form a clear picture of the situation. The example he used was that it may be hard to tell a querent that they are at risk of getting fired, when in fact the cards may be predicting a fight with a coworker or a demotion, or some other work-related problem, but not a firing.
Divination is an art in itself, and it does require practice and patience. For the first couple of years after being taught cartomancy, I couldn’t put two card meanings together to save my life, even if it was obvious. I still remember my teacher’s dismayed expression when I couldn’t tell her that “talking” and “work” meant, quite obviously, “talking at work or talking about work”. Yes, it is obvious, just like it’s obvious that you first put one leg forward and then the other in order to walk, yet it takes us time to learn.
There are plenty of reasons why divination is hard, and lack of talent is only rarely an issue. Most of the times, we are simply experiencing the same hardships we would face when learning a new language, and most people can learn a second language if they put their mind to it.
Furthermore, I find that we often feel the need to overperform in order to convince the querent we are not frauds, and we do so by wanting to give them an absolutely accurate, unambiguous and immediately recognizable picture of the future. Of course, it would be nice if every divination session was as clear, but we are limited beings and we must be grateful for what we can do with the hand we are dealt (quite literally).
What do you do if you want to say ‘apple’ in a foreign language but you just can’t remember the name? You get creative and go back to the language’s building blocks: you describe the apple. “A round, red thing to eat.” This may sound weird and it is a bit vague, as there are other round red things we can eat, but it does help you narrow down the thing you want.
The same happens with divination. Sometimes we just can’t put the building blocks together into a single unambiguous picture (“you are at risk of getting fired”). But we can always describe what the cards are telling us: “I see some potentially upsetting circumstances surrounding your career.”
This is very vague, but it’s a start. Once we have narrowed down the topic, we can look for cards and combinations that give us additional clues: “These upsetting circumstances seem to involve a man, possibly a boss, who causes you trouble, and as a result I see the potential for some money problems.”
This is still not unambiguous: there are plenty of events that fit the description, e.g., being fired, being demoted, being assigned to an unrewarding task, a boss being replaced by another one that is so terrible the querent chooses to quit, etc.
Yet in spite of only describing the outline of a situation instead of naming it specifically, this is already very helpful to our querent, because we are giving them rather specific information they can use in preparing for difficult times ahead in their career.
We can also come up with a number of likely scenarios that fit the description as examples for our querent, and often they will help us fill the blanks (“Oh right, there’s that new project coming up no one wants to take on” or “Oh right, my boss has been talking about relocating for some time now”)
Note, also, that it is perfectly acceptable to voice our insecurity to the querent: “It is something between X1 and X10, and it seems to me like X1 to X3 are more problable, but I could be wrong”.
Once the prediction has come to pass, it is always possible to go back and see if perhaps we couldn’t have been more specific. This is a very important part of learning: there’s always something we miss, some turn of phrase of the cards we have misread or some meanings we have misapplied or even forgotten.
Still, the aim of divination is to provide help to people, not to impress them, and we are of service in the measure that we can point them in the right direction. If we can’t give them precise indications on the path ahead, “Between North and West, but more West than North” is good enough.
A recent comment by a visitor of this website has inspired me to write an article about what makes divination go south, whether it’s card reading or something else. I have already shared one or two readings I got wrong, but in the future I would like to share more of my hardships as well as my successes, for two reasons: 1. it gives a fairer representation of how divination works and 2. it doesn’t discourage those who are studying the material I provide (I often get messages from people despairing they will ever be good diviners)
The reality is that divination is a human activity, and like all human activities it can go wrong. In a world where lawyers, scientists and doctors can be wrong (and not seldom), it’s unclear why we would expect fortune-tellers to be infallible.
There can be a variety of factors that make a reading go south. Here’s a bunch, in no particular order.
The querent is too emotionally volatile
Usually, the querent’s attitude doesn’t matter that much. However, it has been my experience that when a querent is in a state of utter and extreme desperation or emotional volatility, they will skew the reading in one direction or the other. This is rare, but it does happen on occasion. Once a friend who was looking for a job and was absolutely desperate asked for a reading and he pulled ALL spades. He still got a job around a month later. The cards were just reflecting his emotional turmoil.
Emotional involvement is also usually not good when reading the cards for ourselves. My personal experience is that if I read for myself about a topic I don’t care too much about, the reading will be largely accurate, while if I read about something I care very much about, the cards will show me either what I hope or what I fear.
Note though that there are divination tools that work better when the querent is very emotionally involved. This is the case, for instance, for Horary Astrology, where there are no counters to manipulate and therefore a relatively strong emotional push is required for question and answer to align.
The reader isn’t grounded enough
This is more common. Divination is not an assembly line type of occupation. We are dealing with a world that is, in a very real sense, divine and that eschews the mechanic and repetitive.
The diviner needs to be relatively at peace with themselves before performing a divination. I say ‘relatively’ because we don’t need to always be at our best (otherwise we’d never be able to divine). Certainly we need to be capable of detaching at least momentarily from our deepest worries and hopes. Fits of ecstasy and cheap mysticism are also to be avoided, as the best attitude is one of sober helpfulness toward the other.
There are some partial exceptions for ‘inspired divination’, such as mediumistic spiritism, but I don’t cover these topics on this website as I avoid these practices like the plague (I had a distant relative who was an excellent natural psychic and ruined her life in her attempt at constantly staying in the required state of passive receptivity).
The reader simply doesn’t always interpret the medium right
This is obvious, and I’ve talked about it at length, but it bears repeating. Divination is a language with no native speakers. We must learn it as if it were a foreign language. or, if you are romantic about the universe and think divination is our original language, then we must relearn it, but the end result doesn’t change. Like with all secondary languages, we are bound to make mistakes.
The best we can do about it is strive to correct our mistakes and be upfront with our querents that we are not offering miracles but just help in widening their view of their own life, of where it’s coming and where it’s directed.
Drawing wrong conclusions from right premises
This is another important pitfall, and it is a particular variety of ‘not reading the medium right’. As diviners we must understand that certain things can be changed and certain things can’t. Most divination tools are very upfront about it. If they say the thing you want cannot be achieved, then it cannot be achieved (unless we are interpreting the medium wrong, see above). If it says the thing you want will fall in your lap, then it will fall in your lap. Period. But if the medium says what you want is hard, it doesn’t mean it’s impossible, just as when it says it’s easy it doesn’t mean you’ll achieve it.
As diviners, sometimes, we feel we must give our querents more certainty than we are entitled to give them based on our divination tools. If the querent wants to become a writer and the cards show that writing comes easy to them, it doesn’t mean they will become a writer if they don’t put in the effort. Usually, in such cases, the lack of effort does come up in the cards as a warning, so that the prediction will sound like: you are very talented, but unless you actually spend time honing your craft, you won’t amount to much. This, too, is a valid prediciton.
All in all, we must be careful to distinguish what the medium says from what we want to tell the querent.
The I Ching (usually translated as Classic of Changes) is primarily known to the West as an oracular book in which people look up answers to their questions after casting a Hexagram. In reality, the I Ching (or Yi Jing, following the newer transliteration) permeates traditional Chinese culture much more thoroughly and its symbols are found in many methods of divination. Here are the most common ones (the list is not meant to be exclusive and it is limited by my ignorance, no doubt).
Zhou Yi (Reading Commentaries)
Zhou Yi means ‘the changes of the Zhou [dynasty]’ and refers to the oracular text we and Legge, Wilhelm, Jung, Philip K. Dick, Aleister Crowley, Ursula Le Guin etc. knew. This is what we usually mean when we cast an I Ching reading in the West (and also in much of the Eastern world).
We flip coins or manipulate yarrow stalks or pick up small handfuls of rice, depending on the method, in order to obtain a symbol made up of six lines that may change or remain stable (solid). The changing lines are then flipped to their opposite (yin to yang and yang to yin) and a new Hexagram is derived, so that we can interpret the initial Hexagram as the beginning of a matter and the final Hexagram as the likely conclusion or result.
We then look up the Hexagram(s) we got, as well as the text pertaining to any changing line, and we patch together an interpretation. This method of consulting the I Ching, which is traditionally called Zhou Yi, is very old and seems to have been the preferred method of interpretation of the Confucian or Neoconfucian school, the semi-official school of the intellectual bureaucracy of Imperial China.
And this school is exactly the one that the Western missionaries came into contact with first and foremost when they arrived in China and started studying Chinese culture. Although compared to other methods of Hexagram interpretation it may seem the most straightforward, it is complicated by the arcane and hermetic nature of the text, which is notoriously difficult even in Chinese, let alone to translate.
Yet I must say that, in my experimentations with the I Ching, the text method has revealed a subtle, beautiful simplicity. Often the answer is very clear and elegant, just clouded by one’s preconceptions.
Mei Hua Yi Shu (Plum Blossom Numerology Method)
Far wackier, but also far more interesting than the text and commentaries method, Plum Blossom Divination seems to have been devised by a Medieval scholar, Shao Yung. This method does not consist in looking up interpretations in an old book (and this probably accounts for the fact that it has fallen out of favor among most Neoconfucians). Instead, it applies certain rules of interpretation to the Trigrams.
The Eight Trigrams are the building blocks of the sixty-four Hexagrams of the I Ching text. They are also found in Feng Shui, traditional medicine and other forms of divination (e.g., Qi Men Dun Jia or Da Liu Ren) as well as in Chinese alchemy, philosophy and magic. They are, in a word, among the most important symbols in traditional Chinese culture. Everything can be categorized under one of the Trigrams.
Plum Blossom Numerology is essentially a form of Trigram divination that interprets the meanings of the eight Trigrams rather than considering the Hexagrams as a whole with their own commentaries. In Plum Blossom, we usually get a Hexagram made up of two Trigrams and we look at how the Trigrams interact based on certain fixed rules such as the five phases theory. In this method of divination we usually accept only Hexagrams with one mandatory changing line (and no more than that), so that the Trigram without the changing line represents the subject, and the one that does change is the object.
What is most interesting about Mei Hua Yi Shu is how we derive the Trigrams. This is done by way of augury. For instance, if you hear a short metallic sound and want to know if this has a particular meaning or announces a particular event, you search your mind for the Trigram that symbolizes short metallic sounds (this would be Qian). To derive the second Trigram, as well as the changing line, you generally take the time of day into account, similarly to horary astrology.
In essence, Plum Blossom allows one to interpret the world around them based on the signals the world sends them in that moment. It is both a very simple method and a very complicated one, because it requires a certain disposition and flexibility of mind that most people only achieve through much training.
Wen Wang Gua
This is, as far as I know, the most complex way of interpreting Hexagrams. To cover it would require much more than a short section in a short article. Wen Wang Gua (usually translated as King Wen’s Oracle) is a form of Chinese horary astrology that applies many of the rules of Chinese metaphysics (Chinese astrology, the Five phases, the Six Animals, etc.) to the interpretations of a Hexagram (usually cast using coins).
It is a favorite among fortune-tellers, and if we were to apply the (faulty) distinction between divination and fortune-telling that is en vogue in the West, we would say that the Zhou Yi, i.e., the commentaries, are divination, while Wen Wang Gua is fortune-telling. This because Wen Wang Gua can often predict situations very specifically, even down to the day or month something will happen.
In reality, the more I delve into Wen Wang Gua, the more I realize that it is as philosophically deep as it is captivating and accurate from a divinatory standpoint. The Hexagram one casts symbolizes the spatial, earth-related aspect of a matter, while the application of astrological rules to said Hexagram allows one to see the connection of the earthly element to the celestial element.
This is the form of I Ching divination I am devoting most of my study, and I will in time present my (very faulty and very partial) understanding of it, not because I consider myself the most qualified, but because I hope to awaken some interest for it in more people who may be more gifted than me and can comprehend its mysteries.
I had a quick but interesting exchange of emails with a reader of this blog, and they asked me my perspective on the ethical side of prediction. One of the questions was if I share the belief that we shouldn’t answer questions that don’t directly relate to the querent and their actions, especially if they involve reading other people’s mind (e.g., “Is he thinking about his ex?”)
The Three Types of Diviners
First off we must recognize that, nowadays, there are many diviners who do not even think that prediction is possible. Then there’s those who think it’s possible but not desirable. And then there’s those who think it’s both possible and perfectly legitimate. If you know me, you can guess which camp I belong to.
The one thing almost all diviners of almost all strands can agree on is that divination should leave the querent with more information than before the reading took place. It is the nature of the information that is controversial. Many (most, perhaps) contemporary diviners believe the information should be of a mystical/ethical nature and should guide the querent’s action rather than foretelling future events or things the querent has no control over, such as other people’s thoughts beliefs, which is seen as prying. The idea is that to do otherwise is to disempower the querent by putting the center of power outside of them.
To which I say: We are not discrete atoms living each in its own self-made, self-referential reality, no matter what the manifesting girly-pops on Tiktok say. The center of power is not within us, at least not in the sense that most people think.1We exist enmeshed in an infinitely complex chain of actions and reactions, and our degree of control over them is objectively limited.
We seek to steer our life through the chaos of existence by levereging the information we have, including our knowledge of what (we think) other people’s beliefs and motivations are. In so far as divination gives us information and knowledge, it helps us increase the degree of control we have on our life (though this control can never be absolute). As such, it is perfectly legitimate to want to know what other people think.
The idea that we can only tell the querent what to do as a discrete, atomized individual is faulty for a variety of reasons. As said, the first reason is that we are not atoms. Only first world people with first world problems can seriously believe such postmodern crap (try to go to a starving child in a war zone and tell him he just needs to manifest harder). In reality, how other people think and act has very much to do with how the querent will or can behave, and so the querent’s expectation of being told such information is understandable.
The Two Should’s
The second important reason is that the idea itself that there is an objective cosmic measure of how we should act which the diviner must relay to the querent is silly. How people should act is between them and their god, and diviners are well advised to stay out of it instead of trying to play the role of ruler-wielding metaphysical pep-talkers (whenever you find someone who acts like this, run! Those who can live their life, do. Those who can’t, become life coaches.)
The word “should” has two different meanings: technical (“you should take the bus now if you want to get there on time”) and moral (“you should think about those less fortunate than you”). In the first sense, divination has some use, but only in the sense that the diviner, after assessing the situation as it emerges from the cards or chart, and taking what the querent hopes to achieve into consideration, gives them advice (I’ve talked about this here). In this sense, knowing what someone else thinks can be valuable (“he is not thinking about you and he won’t for the foreseeable future. Maybe you should start thinking about putting yourself back on the market”).
From a moral standpoint, divination’s use is very limited and it can become a dangerous tool of delusion or deceit. Example: “Should I have an abortion?” there is absolutely no way of answering that question. Some quick research online will show that there are all kinds of stances on abortion, ranging from believing it should never be had even if it means the woman will lose her life to believing it’s a moral duty of every woman to have one to stick it to the system, with a variety of more moderate solutions in between.
Since there is no consensus, such question essentially translates to “what is your stance on abortion?” Why you should regulate your life based on the personal moral beliefs of someone shuffling pretty cards on the internet is a question the answer to which is probably found somewhere in California.
“But isn’t divination a form of communion with the divine? Shouldn’t the divine know what’s right?”
Divination is most definitely a form of communion with the divine, but the idea that God has any kind of moral preference is, as far as I am concerned, questionable. People tend to patch their idea of God together from their moral and political prejudices. Somehow the God of the reactionary is always a hillbilly and the God of the revolutionary is always a hippy.
Divination lets us partake of a small share knowledge that one would usually get only if he were God, but this knowledge is very practical and is a tight condensation of that which happens, has happened or will happen in real life: Dante, in describing God, imagines it almost as a compressed version of all that happens in the created world, apprehended in the single blink of an eye.
The above doesn’t mean that it is always wise to answer any question the querent puts to us. “Is he thinking about someone else?” can be two very different questions depending on whether it is being asked by a person looking for closure or by a crazed monomaniac bombarding the diviner with the same query over and over. That divination tends to attract a less conservative clientele is not an earth-shattering revelation, so we do need to exert caution in choosing the questions we are comfortable answering.
Caring For Others
My one guiding principle is that divination implies care for another human being. But what does ‘care’ mean here? Does it mean caring for their ‘evolution’?
Well, no. First off, I think it is very questionable that the concept of evolution should be applied to spirituality. It is generally brought up to make pseudospiritual gibberish sound scientific–it’s a trend that dates back to the XIX century–yet those who use it end up employing a concept of evolution that is more Lamarckian (the giraffe stretches its neck to reach the leaf, thus evolving) than Darwinian (the giraffe born with the shorter neck simply starves, thus ridding the gene pool of its inadequacy, and can do nothing about it), and therefore completely unscientific.
Secondly, again, who am I to tell the querent what the next step in their evolution is supposed to be, especially since there is no consensus on objective standards? Divination can point out shortcomings in the querent’s behavior, but not in a moralistic sense. The cards, for instance, can say, “he left you because you tend to spread your legs more than a ballet dancer” but that’s a mere explanation of the causality behind an objective situation: Y derives from X. The cards are no bead-clutching confessor and I don’t aspire to be one either.
For me caring for another human being means seeing them in their struggle to reach their goals and offering them a bit of additional information that they are at liberty of using or leaving. The main question I ask myself when asked to do a spread is: am I offering information? In the example above of “Is he thinking about someone else?” the person looking for closure is asking for information, while the monomaniac isn’t. It is that simple.
I will certainly talk more about the issue in the future, but I think so far the main point is that divination is a tool for intelligence-gathering. As long as it offers intelligence it is a form of communion with the divine. If it doesn’t, it reinforces destructive trends and is best avoided, but this depends less on the question and more on the querent’s attitude.
MQS
From a philosophical standpoint I can accept the idea that the ultimate reality resides wholly within me, but if we accept this, then it is present just as much inside everything else, including in the people and situations that make my life miserable. ↩︎
I’m currently still doing readings in exchange for recommendations for when I decide to start offering readings from this site. After a short reading with a querent we began chatting about the process of divination, and he asked me if fantasy is required to interpret the cards. I thought this was a really great question. I’m taking fantasy as a synonym with imagination, that is, the ability to conjure up images in one’s mind.
First off, we need to distinguish fantasy/imagination from (true) intuition. True intuition is relatively rare and it does not originate from the limited structure of the personality. It is, for all intents and purposes, otherworldly. Before being appropriated by boss babes on TikTok, intuition was rightfully considered a gift of the gods. It is hard to obtain and even harder to train, although the practice of divination, as it leads to the divine, does allow for the development of intuition.
Fantasy or imagination is mostly the product of neurons bouncing together, and it is at least in good part under our control (though whether imagination is also merely a personal power is up for debate. Many occultists think it isn’t, and I agree.)
Imagination plays a large role in modern magic, and, it could be argued, in the magic of all times (though with different implications and within different frameworks), but I’ll leave this discussion for another time. The point is that imagination is one among the many legitimate sources of understanding that we have at our disposal, including in the occult world.
Ordinarily, if someone asked me what’s the one thing that is required in order to become a diviner, I would answer that they need to understand the vocabulary, grammar and syntax of what is essentially a divine language.
Yet, in philosophy of language, and even more in philosophy of science, there is a concept called underdetermination. In its most frequent use, the principle of underdetermination states that, given a number of facts, there exist more than one theory that can explain those facts and account for them. How we then choose the most appropriate theory has sparked a debate that largely goes on to this day between scientists, philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists.
Something similar happens with divination: given a spread of cards, or a chart, it is often the case that more than one explanation might appear plausible at first. True, the more cards we string together, the fewer the possible interpretations are, just as a single word out of context might mean many things, but the more words there are, the more we understand the sentence.
But take a sentence like “we saw her duck“. Was she avoiding a bullet or does she live on a farm? This is a form of underdetermination, because the possible mental images evoked by the sentence cannot be reduced to the sentence itself.
Probably if we had a perfect understanding of the language of divination we would get unambiguous results, but we don’t. We must therefore use logic and context to weed out the less likely predictions, yet even so we might be left with more than one possible image of the future in mind. The word image here is key.
Can we predict a future we cannot imagine? That is, can we predict a future (or reveal a past) that we cannot put in the form of a picture or series of pictures? If one asks me: would you be able to understand a sentence you’ve never heard before? The answer is: if I know the language, yes. We hear sentences we’ve never heard before everyday and we rarely have problems. But going back to “we saw her duck”, if I didn’t know that duck can also be a verb, I would interpret the sentence univocally, as I wouldn’t be able to create a mental image corresponding to the interpretation of “duck” as verb instead of noun.
In real world languages the ambiguity is often removed by clear context. But in divination context is not always clear, meaning it is harder to exclude possible interpretations, and we need to be capable of creating mental images of all the most likely interpretations of an oracle before choosing which one is the most likely.
We need to be able to extrapolate the many possible meanings a spread can have before submitting them to inquiry. The ability to construct mental images or scenes from the divination tool we are using is consequently incredibly important. In other words, yes, imagination is key in divination.
But the imagination I am talking about is not the unbridled imagination that so many mistake for intuition, and which usually leads either to error or to unverifiable predictions. Imagination is the ability to create possible images derived from our (limited) understanding of the medium we are using, so that we can then see which one is more likely to be accurate by finding testimonies in the spread or by asking the querent.
Like all other occult arts, divination therefore requires the cooperation of both sides of the brain (to which we may add the importance of bodily grounding, but that’s a matter for another post).
